What is Capacitor and how does it work?

Do you know what is this capacitor? If not then this article of today is going to be quite interesting for you. If you have never seen Capacitor then go outside your house and you will definitely see Capacitor in the sky. You must be wondering what am I talking crazy, but I am not doing this at all because the thing I am talking about is nothing but clouds flying in the sky. Yes friends, these clouds are also a type of capacitor. How are they? If you want to know, then you will have to read this article in full.

Capacitors (also called condensers), are energy-storing devices widely used in televisions, radios, and other types of electronic equipment. Whether it is to tune your radio in a station, or to flash for a photo with a digital camera, or to flick channels in your HDTV, in all these places we make good use of capacitors. As I have said earlier, Clouds also work exactly like the capacitors used in electronic circuits, the only difference is that they are much larger than electronic capacitors. Let's get all the information related to capacitors in this article further. So without delay, let's start with what the capacitor is.

Capacitors are passive electrical components that store electric energy. They were formerly known as condenser. A capacitor is made up of electrical conductors and separated by an insulator. This insulating layer is called dielectric. Although all capacitors have the same basic principle components, but the choice and configuration of the material are different from each other. These are very common elements of any electrical or electronics circuits. For example they are used only to allow AC current only and to block DC current, whereas in some places a smooth power supply output is used.

How capacitor works

A capacitor is enabled to store energy in an electrostatic field which is generated by creating across potential difference of coductors. Therefore when the across voltage of a conductor is given, then a positive charge is collected in one plate of the capacitor while the other is negative charge. That's why physicists believe that a capacitor works electrostatically in an electric field by storing energy.

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The ratio of electric charge and potential difference (voltage) is called capacitance. It is measured in farads (unit). This is the main parameter to describe a capacitor. Capacitance is highest when the distance between conductors is the lowest and the surface of conductors is the highest. Ideal capacitors are only in theory that are described solely by capacitance, but some limitations exist in the real world. For example conductors and lead wires produce parasitic inductance and resistance. The static electric field has its own maximum strength limit, which is described by breakdown voltage, as well as the current leakage from Dielectric is called leakage current.

Types of capacitors

Although there are many types of capacitors, but I have provided information about some important capacitors below:

Ceramic capacitor: This type of capacitor is used in many applicaions whether it is audio or RF. Their values ​​range from picofarads to 0.1 microfarads. These Ceramic capacitors are mostly used in general because they are cheap and reliable, along with their loss factor is very low.

Electrolytic capacitor: This type of capacitors are often polarized. They can offer very high capacitance values ​​- typically above 1μF, and are often used more in low frequency applications - such as power supplies, decoupling and audio coupling applications, as they have a frequency limit if they are around 100. if kHz.

Tantalum capacitor: Like electrolytic capacitors, tantalum capacitors are polarized and provide very high and high capacitance levels in their volume. But this type of capacitor is absolutely intolerant to reverse biased, and often explode when it is kept under stress. Also, they should not be used in high ripple currents and voltages. These are available in both leaded and surface mount formats.